Radiotracer imaging studies in hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines

Brain imaging and hepatic encephalopathy.

Novel imaging techniques allow the investigation of structural and functional neuropathology of hepatic encephalopathy in greater detail, but limited techniques are applicable to the clinic. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can rule out other diagnoses and, in MRI, give diagnostic features in widely available sequences. An internationally accepted diagnostic framework th...

MR imaging findings in hepatic encephalopathy.

The term hepatic encephalopathy (HE) includes a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities occurring in patients with liver dysfunction. Most cases are associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension or portal-systemic shunts, but the condition can also be seen in patients with acute liver failure and, rarely, with portal-systemic bypass and no associated intrinsic hepatocellular disease. Alt...

Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hepatic Encephalopathy

Sodium MR imaging in the study of hepatic encephalopathy

N. J. Shah, V. Gras, A-M. Oros-Peusquens, E. D. Pracht, S. Romanzetti, G. Kircheis, and D. Häussinger Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, Klinik f. Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, ...

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible syndrome of impaired brain function occurring in patients with advanced liver diseases. The precise pathophysiology of HE is still under discussion; the leading hypothesis focus on the role of neurotoxins, impaired neurotransmission due to metabolic changes in liver failure, changes in brain energy metabolism, systemic inflammatory response and altera...